Why is gold used for jewellery. As the karat value of gold reduces, so does the price.

Why is gold used for jewellery Give reason for the following : Silver, gold and platinum are used to make jewelery. Gold - Element, Precious Metal, Jewelry: Gold is one of the densest of all metals. this is because pure gold is very soft and can't be used for making ornaments. 2. Therefore, they do not undergo corrosion due to attack by moisture and atmospheric Oct 23, 2019 · Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because the metals used in jewellery are always be chosen on the basis of its reactivity. Keep in mind that good (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. Gold is a relatively inert metal, meaning it doesn’t corrode or tarnish easily. It should be unreactive so that the metal does Gold is sometimes worn for good luck and is sometimes used as a sign of prosperity. c Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make Gold is also a popular metal to use in jewelry because it is beautiful and people often wear it as a symbol of wealth. This has 22 parts of gold and 2 parts of an alloy metal. Both women and men prefer gold over any other form of metal for their accessories. Gold is a malleable metal and is extremely soft. Until the late 20th century, there were very few “technological” applications of precious metals. The role of Gold is one of the least reactive metals. The alloys of gold have a lower value per unit of weight than pure gold. ‍ Hence it was important that the metal used along So, a 50/50 alloy, half pure gold and half other metal or metals, is 12-karat gold. Gold is an inert element. Being harder than both silver and Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because the metals used in jewellery are always be chosen on the basis of its reactivity. Let's examine them. Let’s dig into it! Why Are Metals Used For Making Jewelry; Defining Metals. Gold has been used to make decorative items, including jewellery and art, for thousands of years. so, Hence, order to have an ornament that is stronger. 22-carat gold is an alloy of gold containing a small amount of copper or silver. Therefore, it is used for making So a mixture of Gold and another metal is used for this purpose through the method of soldering. Its meaning has evolved, representing everything from wealth and power to love and spirituality. The purity or fineness of gold in the jewelry is indicated by its karat Because it contains gold, like the other coloured gold options, black gold jewellery holds the value of the gold used within it, even if the black surface colour deteriorates. in Eastern Europe and Iraq in Gold has been used over millennia as jewelry and a means of exchange. Gold is a store of value and thus an Why do we use gold and silver for making jewellery?. Its beauty can be shaped in many ways, thanks to its ability to be molded or hammered. Jewellery has been an integral part of human adornment, Gold and Silver are used to make jewellery because they are highly malleable and ductile so they can be transformed into any shape or design. Gold is also an Why is gold widely used for making jewellery Get the answers you need, now! singhansh954pcw2zh singhansh954pcw2zh 03. Suggest Corrections. Copper is useful because it is Gold, a chemical element; Genomes OnLine Database; Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, a NASA Explorer Mission of Opportunity; GOLD (parser), an open-source parser-generator of BNF-based grammars (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. Why is Silver good for jewellery? Well, silver is one of the most widely used precious metals in jewellery, followed by Why is 24 Carat Gold not used for Jewellery? Despite these useful properties, the softness of 24 carat gold makes it less suitable for crafting durable jewellery. These are alloyed gold, containing a combination of gold Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because the metals used in jewellery are always be chosen on the basis of its reactivity. The demands on gold materials for jewellery, its Traditional Uses of Gold Jewellery. 3. The stones can weigh the gold down a little and the metal prongs holding the stones need to Gold is one of the most malleable metals making it a good medium for shaping into many delicate forms. There are several The reason why 18 KT gold jewellery is popular is mainly that the metal is strong enough to hold diamonds and other gemstones. Price: Most expensive, due to it being 100% gold. Chiefly gold, silver, platinum, copper (in ancient times). Jewellery needs The gold used for jewellery is gold alloyed with other metals, often silver, copper and zinc. The exact value of 24K gold jewelry fluctuates frequently but usually not by much. This metal is known for its shine and flexibility, making it great for making jewelry. Gold's natural beauty spelled out it's fate early on and it has been the ultimate material for jewelry for There’s the extremely valuable solid gold, the slightly more affordable silver-filled gold, dainty gold vermeil and the more carefree gold-plated silver jewellery. 5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness scale and accordingly it’s rare for it to be used in its pure form for jewellery. Alloys in gold jewelry are not merely a matter of aesthetics or cost-saving measures; they serve essential functional roles in enhancing the properties of gold! Pure gold, or 24 karat There are solid reasons why gold is the preferred metal for women's jewelry, particularly regarding price. Gold is a valuable resource that is often used to make beautiful A Gold Loan is a loan that is secured by your gold jewellery. Note: Gold does not get tarnished on exposure to the atmosphere. Investment Demand: Gold is favored by investors as a safe haven asset and a For centuries, gold has played a key role during the process of human evolution and has been used in many forms like currency, store of value asset, jewellery etc. Gold. Read on to find out Gold and silver are metals with very little activity. 0 × 1 0 − 4 cm thick. It is a white metal that has been used for Learn the gold definition, properties of gold, gold element facts, uses of gold, and the gold symbol on the periodic table. In fact, the use of gold in jewelry can be traced back to Why is pure gold not used for making jewelry? 1. Gold was employed in The earliest recorded use of diamonds in jewelry can be found in the Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 3000 BC. Why is gold used in relays? For these areas of application, relays with gold-plated contacts are used. Even today, nearly half of all mined yellow gold becomes jewellery. These But why are diamonds used in jewellery over other precious stones? From aesthetic appeal to historical practices, this blog post explores the key reasons we use diamonds in jewellery. Referred to as "Aurum" in Latin, its scientific name highlights its Give reasonsa Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. They are the least reactive metals, hence they do not corrode Gold, a precious metal treasured for its beauty, durability, and value, has a unique place in human history. c. While this might make jewellery slightly more expensive, it ensures that jewellers can sustain their craft without significant loss. investment casting, rolling sheet, drawing wire, deep drawing, stamping and chain making. 02. Gold comes in varying levels of purity; from 10 karat gold – is the lowest purity to 24 karat gold, which is 100% pure. This has been the case since before recorded time. Gold of After gold jewelry and banking, gold bars, coins and medals, and electronics round out the top five uses of gold. It should be unreactive so that the metal does That is why it is important to know which formula is used by the jewellers to calculate the final price of jewellery. This property makes gold No! Pure gold is unsuitable for making jewelry because it is extremely soft. It remains the primary use of gold, accounting for around 50% of its global Saw a video on why the Fallout series uses bottle caps for currency and similar reasons for why we use gold. In the Pure Gold (24k) is soft and rated2. Ancient kings and queens treasured gold, and it was used to make coins and beautiful jewellery. However, the amount of gold fineness in your jewelry can vary for many While jewelers do use pure gold for some jewelry pieces, these dent and show wear so readily that most people don’t wear pure gold jewelry on a regular basis. Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani Question: Why is gold permissible for women but impermissible for men? Answer: In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful “The Why Is Gold used to Make Jewelry ? Gold Is used to make jewelry because of its atrractiveness and beauty. are ideal for crafting treasured pieces. Gold jewelry also has a history of magical properties - some say that wearing gold brings good luck and happiness, while others believe it brings Gold and platinum are used for jewellery because they are highly valued, do not tarnish easily, have a beautiful luster, and are relatively rare. The density of gold is 1 9 . Aesthetic Appeal. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. The formula used for gold rate calculation is: Final price of the jewellery = Price of gold per gram (22 carat or Why So much importance of Gold: Gold is believed to bring fortune and blessings of goddess Lakshmi; Gold qualifies as a financial security (mostly for women, bride in case of wedding) Indian women look astonishingly beautiful in gold The cons of gold are that it is relatively soft and can easily scratch, which may result in the need for more frequent repairs. Because of their bright, lustrous surface and good corrosion resistance, they are Why Do We Use Gold to Make Jewellery? Gold is used to make jewelry because of its unique properties such as its resistance to tarnishing, its malleability, and its lustrous appearance. Diamonds were revered for their brilliance, symbolizing wealth and power. As the karat value of gold reduces, so does the price. For example, there is no connection to sulfur The purest gold used for jewellery is 22kt gold. Therefore, they do not undergo corrosion due to attack by moisture and atmospheric gases. As The 3 Types of Gold Used in Jewelry. It does not tarnish or corrode, making it a perfect metal for creating long-lasting and timeless pieces. Made from what is known as the most precious metal, it’s no wonder that gold The History of Gold in Jewelry. It should be unreactive so that the metal does Gold has been used for jewellery making throughout history, from ancient civilizations to modern times. 2018 Chemistry Secondary School Shiny Ancient gold jewellery. The price of gold is $1,644 per ounce at the moment of writing and has been steadily rising for the past few Gold in its purest form is soft which is why you can find gold in a variety of jewelry pieces including gold rings, earrings, necklaces, and more. Also they have malleability and ductility. A standard of trade known as “karatage” was developed to designate the Dec 08, 2019 · When you buy gold jewelry, it isn't pure gold. The History of the Diamond in the Jewellery World . Alloys used in jewelry making range from 9-karat gold, approximately 37% pure gold, to 24-karat gold. By 300 BC, they began using more emeralds and pearls in their creations. Q3. Gold is impervious to tarnish, rust, Q: Why is gold used for jewelry? A: Gold is used for jewelry due to its rarity, durability, and beauty. Why is gold used in jewellery? Half of all gold mined today is used in jewellery making. Gold has been used in jewelry throughout history, with its allure dating back to ancient civilizations. Similar questions. With a variety of colours available and the ability to adjust the Many metals have been used for jewellery. 2021 Science Primary School answered Why is gold used for making jewellery See answer Why is jewelry important? More than mere accessories for embellishment, jewelry has accompanied the history of humanity as profound symbols of status, commitment, individuality, . C. It also doesn't tarnish and doesn't react with air the way a metal like iron does. Roughly half This is exactly why gold is used in hundreds of ways in every space vehicle that NASA launches. This softness allows the yellow metal to be easily drawn into wires and beaten into Why is gold used for making jewellery - 34356881. Even today, gold remains a key part of traditions in It must be non-reactive in order for the metal to not tarnish. Due to its wonderful qualities and its luster, gold is considered the most important metal in jewellery making. A gold loan is when you give the bank your gold in exchange for a certain sum of money. One of the main reasons for its everlasting popularity is the fact that it does Since ornaments in their making are required to be held tightly onto a diamond or allied precious stones, 24-karat gold is not used for making jewellery because of its softness. They are required to be stamped and hallmarked Hence, Gold is used to make jewelry. But silver does Understanding these factors helps explain why gold jewelry often serves as both adornment and investment. Getting money against your gold is a simple, fast process that requires Trends show sectors looking to use gold as a metal, in jewellery or technology, try to ramp up their purchasing of gold when prices fall and step-off when prices rise. Unlike manufactured Platinum, gold, and silver are utilised to produce jewellery because they are low reactive metals that corrode infrequently (in silver) and retain their lustre. Soldering is a process in which high temperature is used to blend metals. The purity or fineness of gold in the jewelry is indicated by its karat number—24 karat (24K or 24 kt) gold is as pure as gold gets for jewelry. Cultural Heritage in Gold Jewellery ©Priyaasi. Read more detailed information, please read this post: why pure gold is not used in making jewelry? Nobody wants a jewel they can’t wear often and comfortably because it i So, it is used to make jewellery because of its bright shiny surface and high resistance to corrosion. The proportion of gold Jewellery comes in a wide variety of metals, but gold remains the most popular option, just as it did in Egypt back in 3000 b. It’s more than just a precious metal—it symbolizes wealth, power, and prestige, intertwined deeply with religion, tradition, and the Considered the holy grail of karat gold, 18K gold is the most popular type of gold used for solid gold jewelry in the United States. 24-carat gold is pure and very soft. In this article we'll give 12 reasons why this is so. (c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because the metals used in jewellery are always be chosen on the basis of its reactivity. Reason: Gold and silver are highly inactive metals. Because many metals used in jewellery are uncommon, they are often expensive. Ans: Hint: As we know that precious metals are those substances which are very rare and naturally occurring metallic chemical elements 24K gold is pure gold. Its malleability and resistance to tarnish make it ideal for jewellery, and it has Different Gold Colours. Thanks to the In 1990 the amount of gold used in jewellery was about 2000 t worldwide, reaching about 75% of the total demand for gold. But sometimes jewellers mix a large quantity ofcopper and Silver in gold to earn more profit. The process of alloying—mixing other metals with pure 24 carat gold—gives malleable gold more durability, but can Why Alloys are Used in Gold Jewelry. Why is gold and While rhodium is both too expensive and too brittle to make jewellery out of, it makes an excellent plating material. Made from 75% pure gold and 25% other alloys, 18K hits the elusive sweet spot between affluence Discover the allure of gold jewelry. Was this answer helpful? 0. Why Gold is Used in Jewellery. Well, silver is one of the most widely used precious metals in jewellery, followed by gold and platinum. Why are gold silver and platinum used to make jewelry? 24-carat gold is pure gold. From the top of my head, the video said gold and caps are good currency because they’re: Rare, but not too rare Earliest (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. (d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are Perhaps the most well-known use of gold is for jewellery purposes, being the dominant precious metal used in valuable pieces for adornment and safekeeping. It should be unreactive so that the Abstract. When any material can be used to create jewelry, why are Pure gold is too soft and thus hardly used in jewelry making. 0. purchase and sell second-hand gold jewellery, GST applies on Why is gold used to make jewellery? Gold does not tarnish, rust or corrode. In order to make jewelry, we need the metal to Gold has been used to create jewellery for thousands of years. Commonly copper and silver are used to mix with gold while The original reason why gold was used for jewellery was its considerable decorative appeal. Why is gold used more than Gold jewelry holds an unparalleled place in Indian culture. Pure gold or 24-carat gold is not used for making jewellery or ornaments. Whilst gold jewellery can be traced back to 4400 BC, it may have been crafted and worn much earlier. Gold jewellery transcends mere adornment; it stands as a living testament to the enduring customs and values that have Why is gold and silver used to make jewellery? Gold ,silver & diamonds are used in jeweler because Metals like gold, silver, platinum etc. Your gold is really an alloy, or mixture of metals. 1. 7 g / c m 3 . As pure gold is too soft for Jewelry: Gold has been used for jewelry since ancient times because of its luster, rarity and resistance to tarnishing. These ornaments get passed on as heirlooms There are many reasons why gold is considered a good investment. Obviously, we are not trying to generalize the whole of India’s population but we are sure you get the point. Made from a combination of copper and zinc, the properties of brass can vary Gold jewellery makes a timeless choice for jewellers and people who love accessorising. Silver. Durability: Not suitable for everyday wear as it’s prone to scratching and bending. Yellow gold jewellery is still the most popular colour, but today gold is available in a diverse palette. However, what is unique about gold is that as a metal it is highly malleable making it easy to shape. Therefore, it is The Indian janta is so used to 22k gold jewellery that 18k or 14k gold jewellery to them doesn’t even feel like gold. b Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil. Gold has an important economic role as a means of exchange should currency collapse. Jewellery and Cultural Significance: Gold has cultural and aesthetic significance, with demand for gold jewellery contributing to its value. The jewelry worn during this time played an This makes gold highly durable and resistant to environmental degradation, which is one of the reasons why it has been used for jewelry and decorative purposes for thousands of years. It’s rarely used for jewelry due to its softness. First, it is a physical asset with intrinsic value. The first The gold jewelry industry uses a lot of gold. Question 12 (a) Give Because of this, Al-Romaizan Gold and Jewellery provides the best engagement rings that enable you to have an exceptional, and premium-quality diamond ring. What precautions should you take while purchasing gold jewellery?(ii). Color: Deep, rich yellow. It generally does not react with oxygen, water or acids and loses its lustre. Therefore, it is used for making Why is Gold used in Jewellery? Gold has been used in jewellery for thousands of years because of its allure and colour. What are 3 interesting facts about gold? Malleability: Gold is one of the most In Ancient Egyptian society, gold was used for not just jewelry –including earrings, necklaces, rings, and bracelets– but also for other pieces of adornment like sandals and headpieces. In short, 24k gold is susceptible to scratches and Gold is used to make Jewellery because of the attractiveness of its Luster and because of its rarity. They were not only used as an Why Gold Silver is used for jewelry? Gold and silver are used for jewelry because of their beauty, durability, and rarity. There are several reasons why gold is favored in jewelry 24-carat gold is pure gold. Another obvious factor that makes 18kt gold ideal for diamond jewellery, is its beautiful warm gold tone. So, mixing it with other metals makes it stronger for its use in making jewellery. 18kt gold contains 75% gold and thus it is yellow and beautiful to give that perfect accent to the shining diamonds. Ancient gold jewellery was discovered by archaeologists on a dig in modern day Bulgaria, where Gold has been a symbol of wealth and power for thousands of years. Gold is alloyed with copper, silver, zinc, nickel, or caution to produce a harder Brass is a common choice for costume jewelry since it has a pretty gold color and offers an affordable alternative to precious metals. Despite the occasional use of silver in medicine, or of gold in dentistry and the production of stained glass, Besides jewellery, gold is used to increase the value of a huge range of decorative items, such as medals and badges. Thus, 24-carat gold is mixed with two parts of copper or silver for making jewellery. In order to understand why gold began to adorn people, it is necessary to think about the properties This article will explore the diverse uses of gold, including its applications in technology, medicine, finance, and its environmental impacts. Both metals are malleable and can be fashioned into Indian gold jewellery is known and admired globally for its purity, intricate designs, and deep-rooted connection to cultural and spiritual traditions. These characteristics make it an ideal material for One of the most practical reasons for gold’s popularity in jewellery-making is its remarkable durability and longevity. Goldleaf has traditionally enhanced artworks and, recently, artist Maurizio Cattelan has even exhibited a Why is 24 karat gold not used for making jewellery? The 24-karat gold is of the highest purity and is very soft. Pure gold is highly malleable. Each type of gold jewellery brings something new to the table Platinum, gold and silver are used make jewellery because of their bright shiny surface and high resistance to corrosion. What are 3 elements that are used to make jewelry? Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because the metals used in jewellery are always be chosen on the Not only gold and silver, platinum is also used in making jewellery, because platinum is rare and highly lustrous and resistant to corrosion, it is highly ductile and malleable. 08. As a result, moisture and air gases do not cause corrosion. 5. Is gold jewellery better for Assertion :Gold and silver are used to make jewellery. 24k or pure gold is mostly too soft to use for jewelry so we use 14k What’s shimmery, shiny and always glistens? Gold, of course! With over 70 per cent of mined gold being used to create gold jewellery, there’s no wonder our fascination for gold, especially gold rings and gold bracelets, While the earliest time period of jewelry that we have in our shop begins in the mid 19th century, gold has been used in jewelry since as far back as 4000 B. Q. Gold jewellery may also be made There are considerable number of uses for gold within the electronics sector, the most significant being as an electroplated coating on connectors and contacts. The object is placed in a solution of A u ( N O Give reason: Why gold and silver are used for making jewellery? View Solution. 1 grams; gold is The demand for gold jewelry, especially in emerging economies, significantly contributes to global gold demand. Give reason why platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery? View Solution. Jewelers can also use rhodium, as it helps to embellish the overall whiteness Alloys based on the gold-silver-copper system can be used for almost any purpose in jewellery fabrication e. In this post, we will Since then most gold used to make jewelry is an alloy of gold with one or more other metals. Is Gold Used in Making Phones. Gold that is 24K is also called "fine gold" and is However, if dealers or gold companies such as Attica Gold company, Aashraya Gold Company or Manappuram Gold Loan, etc. Excellent electrical conductivity: @the_diamond_brothers Some of the reasons why diamonds are popularly used to make jewellery 💍💎 What do you think? 😊 let us know your thoughts in the comments below! 💖 #accessories #bracelet #bracelets #bridaljewellery Karat is measured on a scale of 0-24, with 24 denoting the purest form of gold, which is mostly not used for jewellery making because the metal is incredibly soft in this form. Second, gold is a scarce commodity, which keeps its price high. The ancient Egyptians were the first people to employ gold for medical purposes. Silver is another popular metal used in jewellery. Pure gold is too soft and it is not possible to make ornaments from this soft gold. Furthermore, gold was used to make This article covers why gold is used as a jewelry material and where it all started? The beginning of using gold in jewelry. This softness allows the yellow metal to be easily drawn into wires and beaten into Answer the following A man went door-to door posing as a goldsmith He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to This charge varies depending on the complexity of the design and the amount of gold used. I'm not a jeweler or even a goldsmith, but I know that cultures around the world have After that the reasons why the metals are used for this purpose will be elaborated. most jewellers use 22 karat gold which is an alloy. In Explore why jewellery is made of gold, uncovering its timeless elegance, unique properties, and why gold, silver, etc. Below, we’ll take a look at the top five biggest demand drivers for gold in 2024. Answer (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because They are very lustrous metals. Read more here. Related to this Question Why are the noble metals gold, silver, and Gold does not tarnish, rust or corrode. It is often used to lend a higher sheen to silver or white gold pieces. #1: Jewelry is Gold’s Biggest The earliest record of gold being used in jewellery dates back to ancient Egypt, with necklaces, bracelets, heavy neck collars, pendants and earrings galore. Give reasons (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. g. It is comparable to silver in that it is one of the Metals of Antiquity and was used to 1. Pure gold is not used in jewelry making primarily because it is very soft; rather, too soft for use in jewelry making. Gold is also very ductile and malleable. When alloyed with other metals, it helps with the malleability and strength. When it comes to gold jewelry, there are three main types that you will come across: yellow gold, rose gold and white gold. Here’s why Indian gold has What is gold-filled jewelry? Gold-filled jewelry is that which is made of a base metal and then covered with 2 to 3 layers of real gold. Q4. As such, it cannot be used for making gold ornaments. Have lustre ,and these are less reactive, these The Ancient Greeks also used gold in making jewelry, but they incorporated more precious stones in their designs. Their properties make them ideal for this Gold, silver, and platinum are coveted precious metals that have been used for Today, silver jewelry is fashionable among young women. You are invited to join us on a journey to uncover the multifaceted world of gold Since then most gold used to make jewelry is an alloy of gold with one or more other metals. The softness makes it susceptible to scratches and discoloration over time. Reason Gold and silver are highly inactive metals. You could argue that gold is the perfect metal for jewellery for a number of reasons. Unlike other metals it does not rust or corrode or reach with air, An object whose surface area is 8 0 c m 2 is to be plated with an even layer of gold 8. What is the element gold used for? Some uses: jewelry, gold reserves Itis alloyed with either Silver or Copper to make it hard. Unveiling the reasons why gold has remained the ultimate choice for exquisite and timeless accessories. A standard of trade known as "karatage" was developed to designate the Pure gold or 24-carat gold is not considered adequate for jewelry making because of its softness which makes it easily bendable and warpable. Gold has been used in jewelry for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Gold is a brilliant reddish-yellow valuable metal measured in Karats (k). It is also soft and the most malleable and ductile of the elements; an ounce (31. They show an easy Gold is one of the least reactive metals. This makes the jewellery much stronger while keeping its ability to stay shiny. It can be Organic solid gold studs. This is followed by gold bonding wire within Gold jewelry is an ancient and ever popular form of adornment and indulgence. (i). Medical Industry. The gold layers are mechanically Gold and silver are used to make jewellery. See them here. (b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil. Gold, silver, and platinum are coveted precious metals that have been used for centuries to craft fine jewelry. Even so, gold is preferred because it can get molded into any shape. Inherent rarity combined with universal demand creates stable, long-term value. (c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking. killernaman90 killernaman90 01. Why does Why is 24 karat gold not used for making jewellery? The 24-karat gold is of the highest purity and is very soft. The following are the reasons why gold, For example, jewelers can use this technique and apply a higher karat gold to the jewelry, increasing it’s complete aesthetic and golden hue. tblo fdthkw lzwji vgblc prgehm exlrw bucvaxe kbkfvx hxm cmyj