What is udr in networking. Virtual Network Gateway.

What is udr in networking In this situation, you would probably have a single UDR attached to every subnet. 0/0 and next hop Internet. Dec 22, 2020 · The cnSDM is based on two main network components: the Cloud Core Data-storage Manager (CCDM) based on the combination of UDR and UDSF network functions inside the same product for unified data storage; and the Cloud Core Subscription Manager (CCSM), based on the combination of UDM, AUSF, HSS, EIR NFs and HSM module, inside the same product for Virtual Network. Who cares about multigig ports when you are supposed to hook everything up using WiFi anyways. Alternatively, the PCF (Policy Control Function) can use the UDR to store and retrieve policy related data. The new UDR, on the other hand, supports all other three applications, but only one at a time. Cloud Core Data-Storage Manager is the commercial realization of the 3GPP Network Functions UDR and UDSF. You can't create system routes, nor can you remove system routes. Available options depend on the service tier of your API Management instance. I cant pinpoint what is the problem. Represents the local virtual network. Instead, User Defined Routing (UDR) and IP forwarding handle connectivity between pods across nodes. Under Manage memberships of your network group, select Add virtual networks. TelcoLearn (www. Dec 12, 2023 · The Unified Data Repository (UDR) is a key component within the 5G Core (5GC) network architecture. Nov 6, 2024 · Azure Virtual Network Manager allows you to describe your desired routing behavior and orchestrate user-defined routes (UDRs) to create and maintain the desired routing behavior. IP forwarding should be triggered to allow receiving and forwarding traffic for the network interfaces. UDR is defined as User Defined Route (computer networking; Microsoft) frequently. Network A <=> Network B; Network B <=> Network C May 11, 2023 · In this post, learn about what a UDR is, how it benefits machine learning, and what it has to do with networking. The screenshot shows that the UDR deployed within the FortiGate invalidated the default routes. Nov 18, 2024 · Policy-based routing (PBR) allows network administrators to categorize network traffic according to specific applications and assign them with corresponding labels for more comprehensive analysis. 0/24, the latter will be used. com Oct 24, 2024 · In this article, you learn how to deploy User-Defined Routes (UDRs) with Azure Virtual Network Manager in the Azure portal. UDR is a converged repository, which is used by 5G Network Functions to store the data. 100. 0/12 (!) -> AzFW 192. Talk: The support for Voice over IP phones. For example, the virtual network owner can define the following policies and options for a delegated subnet to better manage resources: Network filtering traffic policies with network security groups. Jan 25, 2023 · The 5G Unified Data Repository (UDR) is a dual-core network function that includes the 3GPP’s 5G UDR and the 2G, 3G, and 4G UDR and Subscription Profile Repository (SPR). Aug 29, 2024 · For example, if you connect the virtual network to your on-premises network, traffic may be routed through the on-premises network and unable to reach the Azure Databricks control plane. This tag might also contain default routes. The benefits of using virtual network peering, whether local or global, include: A low-latency, high-bandwidth connection between resources in different virtual networks. In the above architecture, the network virtual appliance sits in a DMZ checks all incoming and outgoing traffic, and only allows network traffic that meets the set rules hence providing a secure network boundary. You can create a UDR to send 0. 0. The Cloud Core Data-Storage manager (CCDM) is a Telco-grade database, designed to provide the major robustness and higher service availability required in the telecom market. Azure Virtual Desktop uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to provide remote display and input capabilities over network connections. To receive or forward traffic, IP forwarding must be enabled on network interfaces. Virtual Network Gateway. Analyzing multiple databases using multiple tools on multiple screens is error-prone, slow, and tedious at best. 168. ” 5G UDR usage in roaming scenarios. I can argue that anything running VLANs is a Software-Defined Network as you don’t physically have to connect to the same switch to talk to another host, and don’t have to be on a different switch to NOT talk to another host. This adaptability ensures the longevity and relevance of the UDR in a rapidly evolving communication landscape. Printer friendly Mar 23, 2023 · The VMs in the virtual network are configured with these routes automatically, which directs all traffic intended for the on-premises network to the SDWAN appliance, and all Internet-bound traffic intended to the firewall. For most, the slower CPU will just lead to slower performance loading videos from Protect, or loading the UniFi Network application interface. We do not peering between networks A and C. Another interesting feature in the 5G UDR is the fact that in the roaming scenarios the visited UDR can store the roamers’ parameters locally. Jan 18, 2023 · You can add unique routes to a VNET's routing table using Azure User Defined Routes (UDR), a feature of Azure Virtual Network (VNet). It provides transparency and control over the consumption of Network resources during real-time service delivery. The UDR is the perfect beginners tool for a consumer that wants something extra. Nov 19, 2024 · Virtual network peering: Connect virtual networks within the same Azure region. This UDR would contain the following rule: Oct 30, 2024 · ID2: Azure added this route when a UDR for the 10. Ubiquiti UDR: You can pick either, but the two won’t work well together. Multiple UX can join together for a wired or wireless mesh network It has two modes. UDM: The former can handle an extra application, but its Network front is less powerful. UDR: User Data Record: UDR: User Defined Route (computer networking; Microsoft) UDR: Ultra Data Rate: UDR: Universal Data Repository: UDR: Usage Detail Record (mobile IP network usage accounting) UDR: User Desired Requirement Hi everyone, I have a slightly niche requirement I was hoping for some help on. This approach enhances network security by providing increased visibility, control, regulations, and protection. , Azure Storage, Azure SQL from a particular VNET subnet Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the best protocol for transferring a large database file through a network?, Any device connected to a network is called, What is the mapping of a physical network called? and more. On most routers and L3 devices routing lookups are recursive. UniFi is building the future of IT. It facilitates secure, flexible, and developer-friendly network services and capabilities exposure to third-party end users, such as business partners, clients, and Aug 28, 2023 · For the network interfaces to be allowed to receive and forward traffic, IP forwarding must be enabled. Step 2. For instance, if you have two subnets, 10. User-defined routes address the need for automation and simplification in managing routing behaviors. In this video, we talk about the UDR in 5G Core Network Architecture. Session connectivity. Oracle 5G UDR is implemented as cloud native function and it offers a unified database for storing application, subscription, authentication, service authorization, policy data, session binding and application state information. 1. Sep 27, 2020 · In summary, a network slice is a logical network that provides specific network capabilities and network characteristics. Access: A “platform designed for Access Control Systems”—per Ubiquiti Mar 21, 2023 · Virtual Network Gateway: If you receive some BGP routes from on-prem, those routes will be marked as learned in Azure with next-hop as Virtual Network Gateway. I came from google WiFi and unifi was leaps and bounds better than google plus it got me into networking in general. Apr 22, 2021 · UDR usage scenarios. Subnets: Subnets enable you to segment the virtual network into one or more sub-networks and allocate a portion of the virtual network's address space to each subnet. A desktop gateway firewall with built-in WiFi 6 and PoE output. What is the function of UDR? 5G UDR in telecom enables network functions to store and access subscription information. My customer setup was UDR, switch 8, in wall 6, g4 pro doorbell, g4 instant camera. TelcoLearn. Jan 21, 2023 · When doing your network designs, make sure that systems that might have different routing policies (and this is almost always the case with Network Virtual Appliances that have dedicated goals) live in their own dedicated subnets. They allow us to override the default system routes and define custom paths for network traffic based on our specific requirements. Enabling the UDR for this scenario shouldn't break any existing setups. This tag might also contain default routes UDR stands for User Defined Route (computer networking; Microsoft). Hi, I bought the UDR after alot of searching for some powerfull insight into network without having to set anything up in grafana etc. This has increased network complexity and introduced new and highly evolved 5G network capabilities like Network Exposure Function. In Figure below a Custom route table consisting of UDR is created and Associated with Web-Subnet and DB-Subnet. Azure always picks the most direct route, so if the destination is 10. In the newly created network group, select Group members and click Add to add existing VNets. I own a dream router but I don't want it positioned near the existing modem (which is in bridge mode). You can segment it May 14, 2020 · UDR accessed by the PCF belongs to the same PLMN where the PCF is located. May 9, 2023 · Helps to designate a subnet for one or more Azure services and manage the instances in the subnet as per requirements. Considerations. Jun 10, 2024 · Virtual Network subnets or VMs without UDR or BGP Control - traffic can leave the default outbound access IP which is not controllable or managed by the customer. Jun 24, 2024 · The following diagram gives a high-level overview of the network connections used by Azure Virtual Desktop. Pods can't communicate directly with each other. In the Manually add members window, select the spoke virtual networks in region 1, then select Add. Create a connectivity The virtual network address space (all IP address ranges defined for the virtual network), all connected on-premises address spaces, peered virtual networks, virtual networks connected to a virtual network gateway, the virtual IP address of the host, and address prefixes used on user-defined routes. Azure assigns resources in a virtual network a private IP address from the address space that you assign. Explore UDR Definitions: Discover the complete range of meanings for UDR, beyond just its connections to Networking. What is UDC in 5G? User Data Convergence (UDC) is a 3GPP initiative which seeks to rationalize the databases found across the key mobile technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and IMS. 0 -> AzFW 172. Mar 13, 2023 · Azure UDR (User Defined Routing) or Routing Tables let us design network routes; therefore, our CloudGen Firewall VM can regulate the traffic existing both between the subnets and to the Internet. Network administrators can allocate address blocks with the exact number of host addresses needed for each subnet, preventing address space wastage. The virtual network address (10. Represents the default Internet Mar 27, 2024 · What are Azure Route Tables or User Defined Routes (UDR) Azure route tables or user Defined routing (UDR) let you create network routes which CloudGen Firewall VM can handle traffic between your subnets and Internet. However, if the Network virtual appliance fails there is no other path of network path available. Powerfully simple, plug-and-play IT management for smaller networks. If you think your question has been answered, click "Mark as Accept Answer" if just helped click "Vote as This is a place to discuss all of Ubiquiti's products, such as the EdgeRouter, UniFi, AirFiber, etc. However, as networking hardware, I like both equally—the UDR can do much more than just a simple Wi-Fi broadcaster. The UDR plays a crucial role in managing and storing subscription-related data, policies, and charging information for subscribers in a 5G network. 0/0 traffic directly to the internet. 16. CIDR is based on the idea that IP addresses can be allocated and routed based on their network prefix rather than their class, which was the traditional way of IP address allocation. Let's explore the technical details of the UDR in the 5G Core: The UDR is a converged repository of subscriber information and can be used to service a number of network functions. It definitely has limits though, and doesn’t offer a lot of advanced network settings. To see the system routes and UDR applied on an individual VM: In the Azure Portal > (select your VM) > (select the network interface) > Effective routes. Sep 25, 2018 · You can view the UDR in the Azure Portal > Route Table. The Cloud Gateway Ultra (UCG-Ultra) and Cloud Gateway Max (UCG-Max) are two of the newest options, offering a simple way to get started with a new UniFi network. This allows you to design the flow of traffic to suit your specific application and network needs. Protect: The support for IP cameras as a surveillance system. Mar 12, 2022 · Before the summarized UDR can be added, you need to set a property on the subnet containing the Private Endpoint. 0/16 and 10. Let's delve into the technical details of the differences between UDM and UDR: UDM (Unified Data Management): 1. Azure automatically creates system routes and assigns the routes to each subnet in a virtual network. 0/16 address prefix was associated to the Subnet1 subnet in the Virtual-network-1 virtual network. 0/0) with the hub NVA as the next hop. As you mentioned, you need at least a network contributor role to manage VNETs and NSGs. With kubenet, only the nodes receive an IP address in the virtual network subnet. Feb 4, 2019 · With UDR, NVA VM acts the gateway for other VMs in your virtual network. We also welcome pretty much anything else related to small networks. Internet. NEF is built natively into the 5G network. T Oct 13, 2022 · The UDR will work well for a small network with a few switches, APs, or cameras. Jun 12, 2024 · What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a system that connects many independent computers to share information (data) and resources. Represents an Azure S2S VPN Gateway. So the PCF may also access the UDR, in order to get the policy that should be applied to a certain UE. They allow you to control traffic flow within a Virtual Network (VNet) and can be Support for Network Evolution: UDR is designed to evolve with the network, accommodating new services, technologies, and functionalities introduced in subsequent phases of 5G development. User-defined routes can solve that problem. No question is too small, but please be sure to read the rules before asking for help. UDR stands for User-Defined Routing in Networking terms. There is a property on each subnet in a virtual network named PrivateEndpointNetworkPolicies. In your Network Manager resource, navigate to the Network groups page under Settings and select Create and create a network group with the member type Virtual network. So far, Unifi networking seems to be doing the stuff that I need, expect I am experiencing alot of reboots of the Unifi OS, out of the blue. Update: After way too much screwing around, it turns out that the UDMPro port mirroring feature simply does nor work. May 2, 2024 · Azure Virtual Network Manager (AVNM) is a highly scalable and available network management solution that allows customers to simplify and scale their networks in Azure. The following table compares virtual networking options. Network policies may be enforced on reply packets when a pod connects to itself via The UDR as well stores subscribed policy information for all the users in the network. A unified data repository Jun 23, 2023 · Using UDR, you can create your own routing tables with routes that control where traffic is directed. May 8, 2023 · The virtual network infrastructure also includes peered virtual networks and on-premises networks. Sep 6, 2020 · Virtual network gateway: used to send encrypted traffic between an Azure virtual network and an on-premises location over the public Internet. What is AVNM's UDR management feature and what is it solving? Dec 24, 2024 · User-Defined Routes (UDRs) in Azure provide a way to control the traffic flow within our virtual networks. Strictly in terms of (home) Wi-Fi routers, though, I’d pick the Synology RT6600ax over the Ubiquiti UDR. May 22, 2024 · For ease-of-viewing, the diagram shows only the required UDR configuration in one region, this must be mirrored in both Hubs for end-to-end reachability in both directions. Discover Networking Abbreviations: Dive deeper into a comprehensive list of top-voted Networking Acronyms and Abbreviations. It runs both unifi network and protect which and has WiFi 6 which makes it a sensible buy for home users. From the Documentation it feels like both NSG and Routing tables(UDR) are doing the same thing - capable of defining ACLs at multiple levels (Vnet, Subnet, VM) https://learn. It serves as an in-memory database that stores 5G core subscription and policy data, making it accessible through the standard Network Data Repository (Nudr) interface. Ensure that the UDR routes include the destination networks. Jun 13, 2023 · Network: All things related to the function of a network, including network settings/features, Wi-Fi, mesh, and the support for extender/access points, etc. Storage and management of subscriber policies control, as well as pool data – is yet another popular scenario. It comes with it’s fair share of issues and bugs, but it’s easier to use than most consumer network device interfaces. Jul 1, 2020 · User Defined Route (UDR): 1. May 17, 2021 · Hi @EnterpriseArchitect , . UDRs allow you to describe your desired routing behavior, and Virtual Network Manager orchestrates UDRs to create and maintain that behavior. Virtual network integration provides Azure services the benefits of network isolation with one or more of the following methods: Deploying dedicated instances of the service into a virtual network. What is the shortened form of User-Defined Routes in Networking? The short form of "User-Defined Routes" is UDR for Networking. You need a UDR for every type of outbound connection from the VNet. Sep 25, 2024 · The following solution uses firewall virtual appliances to implement a perimeter network (DMZ)/protected network scenario. The integration of computers and other different devices allows users to communicate more easily. When multiple routes match the destination, the more specific route is used. So, the UDR is more versatile than the UDM, though not consistently better. The UDR plays a crucial role in managing and providing access to user-specific data, enabling various network services and applications to retrieve and update Nov 27, 2024 · The UDR can also run UniFi Talk, or UniFi Access, but only one at a time. Virtual Network: It is used for Azure Internal communication; Internet: Any traffic coming from the outside world back to the Azure platform. This is to override the BGP learnt routes Nov 7, 2024 · In the network manager instance, navigate to Network groups under Settings. Nov 16, 2023 · Azure User-Defined Routes (UDR) are a vital component of the networking capabilities in Microsoft Azure. Jan 10, 2023 · Then you should have a custom User Defined Route (UDR) table configured in the AKS subnet, which will instruct all outgoing network traffic that originates from the AKS subnet to flow first through the Firewall (NVA) IP and then go out to the Internet. Azure doesn’t do recursive routing lookups. Key Concepts of Policy-based Routing Jul 2, 2022 · Synology RT6600ax vs. . 4 as the IP address of the virtual appliance because the address is the private IP address assigned to the virtual appliance virtual machine. Learn more about AVNM in our public documentation. Select the network group for the spoke virtual networks in region 1 - ng-spoke-<region1>. You can apply a route table to GatewaySubnet, which forwards all traffic that enters into the Azure virtual network from a hybrid connection to a virtual appliance. Feb 6, 2023 · If you have ever used Azure, you probably have used one of these Virtual Network Gateways too: whether it is to connect your branches and headquarters with Azure via IPsec VPN or ExpressRoute, or to provide connectivity to your mobile workers or external partners through Point-to-Site VPNs. This video is a 100 level look into the User Defined Routing (UDR) and Network Security Group (NSG) features/services within the Azure Networking category. Global virtual network peering: Connect virtual networks across Azure regions. The difficulty I am having is that I do want devices in area 1 to be on the LAN side of the UDR, so I wonder if I can make it work with VLAN'ing the traffic between the modem and the UDR WAN port, and then letting Sep 29, 2023 · CIDR’s implementation in IPv6 simplifies network management by providing greater flexibility and precision in addressing. For outbound traffic, NSG outbound rules are processed, followed by user-defined route (UDR) rules. Apr 16, 2020 · When compared to a typical web interface from Netgear, TP-Link, or others, the UniFi Network application is arguably better. Choose networking capabilities to meet your organization's needs. For firewalls depending on what you need to do you may need something more privileged like a Security Administrator or a Global Admin, since part of the features in Azure Firewall involve setting up or denying access for particular users. For example, the 5G UDM (Unified Data Management) can use the UDR to store and retrieve subscription data. If you are interested in the various 5G Core Network functions, have a look at our 5G Core Network Architecture course. Now I have a much more full setup and would highly recommend the UDR for starting your network as you could always upgrade later on. Jan 5, 2024 · If your data source is an Azure service that supports virtual network service endpoints, you can configure a virtual network service endpoint in your virtual network subnet and join your Azure-SSIS IR to that subnet. Jun 22, 2022 · The virtual network address space (all IP address ranges defined for the virtual network), all connected on-premises address spaces, peered virtual networks, virtual networks connected to a virtual network gateway, the virtual IP address of the host, and address prefixes used on user-defined routes. Private VNETs will be available with secure by default enabled scheduled 2025 and will provide a means to disable this unmanaged Public egress pattern. May 2, 2024 · Step 1. The Cloud Gateway Ultra is a gateway and UniFi Network controller for over 30 additional UniFi devices. microsoft. Verify that the route table is attached to the ProtectedSubnet. Aug 1, 2023 · A UDR is a route entry that is associated with a subnet within Azure VNet. IP forwarding: By default, the Azure networking engine forwards packets to virtual network interface cards (NICs) only if the packet destination IP address matches the NIC IP HomeNetworking is a place where anyone can ask for help with their home or small office network. Create a network group of trusted VNets. Nov 28, 2020 · Then we need to setup UDR like this to filter incoming traffic to Azure and avoid Azure – onprem connection disruption: 192. Virtual Network Service Endpoint: Service endpoint is an Azure service that provides private access to another Azure service i. 0 -> Virtual network (required when adding another gateway to preserve ibgp routing between gateways — Dec 5, 2019 · Policy and Charging Control play a very critical role in the 5G ecosystem. Feb 4, 2024 · Creating a custom route table to route traffic to a Firewall What if there was a requirement to override the default system route of allowing Virtual Machines to route out to the Internet using the default route of 0. Dec 18, 2024 · Disable the Virtual network gateway route propagation parameter. Mar 29, 2024 · Azure Virtual Network Manager (AVNM) streamlines this process. What is UDR? Purpose of UDR? Azure routes outbound traffic from a subnet based on the routes in a subnet's route table. It would not be a good solution for a large network with a lot of clients. UniFi starts here. Sep 7, 2023 · If you check the Virtual Network FAQ, you can find the below: What's the behavior when I apply both an NSG and a UDR at the subnet? For inbound traffic, network security group (NSG) inbound rules are processed. 0/28) will be sent to both NVAs by the ARS in the opposite direction. 5G-training; 5G core network architecture Mar 3, 2021 · Networking newbie here. Instead, we create a routing table and UDR. Ingress with layer 7 NVAs As someone else mentioned, routes in a UDR either provide a route that does not exist, or override an existing route. Notice how the UDR configuration of the AzureFirewallSubnet must contain a route entry for every Spoke VNet in the remote region. Associate the route table to the appropriate subnet. New subnets or spoke VNets will automatically receive this default route, removing the need for manual UDR management. Now the VM-Series firewall is in the traffic path and can apply the security policies that you configure. Support for Network Evolution: UDR is designed to evolve with the network, accommodating new services, technologies, and functionalities introduced in subsequent phases of 5G development. With the help of these routes, you can manage the traffic flow within your VNet and route it to particular next hops, such as virtual appliances or on-premises networks. The services can then be privately accessed Aug 1, 2024 · To provide network connectivity, AKS clusters can use kubenet (basic networking) or Azure CNI (advanced networking). The UDR specifies 10. API Management provides several options to use an Azure virtual network to secure access to your API Management instance and to backend APIs. The UPF is the only network function from the 5G core network that works in the user plane. With AVNM’s UDR management, you can configure spoke VNets to use the default route (0. UDR is a suitable tool to create scalable consolidated databases for information on subscribers and profiles; such information can be found in all corporate products. Industry-leading products magically unified in an incredible software interface with scalable, license-free cloud management. e. In that case, the number of entries in the UDR would depend on your network setup, but could be a single subnet (one entry), or many more. com) is a 5G and Cloud Training and consulting company and I Sep 30, 2019 · Operators might decide to co-locate the UDSF with the UDR, or to place it close to a NF (or group of NFs) that it serves. Now that I overcame those challenges, however, I'm looking at setting up IPv6 in a more controlled way in the UDR and on Docker too, but I'm struggling a bit to understand how to properly set these up on the UDR, mostly, what IP ranges to control manually and which to control automatically in the UDR as well as understanding which ranges are Jan 10, 2023 · Virtual network gateway; None; Virtual network (Specify when you want to override the default routing within a virtual network Example) Internet; Answering your question, user-defined routes can be configured between two peered networks. The UX can be: A gateway and controller for a normal UniFi network with up to 5 other switches and APs An access point in an existing UniFi network Dream Router (UDR) = Controller + Gateway + 4-port switch (2 PoE out) + Wi-Fi SDN is a buzzword that, by definition, is extremely broad in scope. 0/16 in the same virtual network, the route for each subnet in the route table will have a next hop value of Virtual Network. When different route types are present in a UDR route table, user defined routes are preferred over the default system routes. Unified Data Repository (UDR) is a converged repository of subscriber information and can be used to service a number of network functions. You won’t need a UDR for a standard hub/spoke setup unless you need to route some traffic to somewhere else (on-prem, etc). Jul 20, 2023 · A User Data Repository (UDR) is a centralized database or repository that stores and manages user-related information and data in a telecommunications network or an information system. Yet, that’s exactly how many network operators perform analytics on the telemetry they collect from switches, routers, firewalls, and so on. You can deploy the preceding environment in Azure by using features that are available today: Virtual network: An Azure virtual network acts in a similar fashion to an on-premises network. A key component of a Network Slices is the Network Slice Instance (NSI) . To verify and troubleshoot routing, you can request the effective route tables from each network interface of a running VM. Finally, the UPF - 5G Network Architecture. Apr 29, 2022 · Ubiquiti UDR (left) vs. See full list on learn. 0/0 to the internet. Nov 29, 2023 · In the context of 5G (fifth-generation) wireless communication, UDM (Unified Data Management) and UDR (Unified Data Repository) are key components of the 5G core network architecture, specifically associated with user data management. Dec 5, 2022 · Network A <=> Network C; But what if we wanted the traffic from network A to network C to go only through network B and not directly? Then we can only configure peering between networks A and B and B and C. UDR in 5G NR Architecture: Dec 20, 2023 · The 5G network can have multiple UDRs, each accommodating a different set or subset of data and catering to different NFs, or it can have a single UDR that serves all NFs such as NEF, UDM, and PCF. The user interface is there to configure mirroring, the system reports the port being mirrored but in reality there is no port mirroring happening. 2. 10 and you have two routes, 10. Scenario 2: UDR to direct 0. Several applications can use UDR simultaneously. Traffic from Web-Subnet to DB-subnet and Vice versa goes through network virtual appliance (NVA) located in DMZ subnet as UDR Route is preferred over Default Nov 7, 2023 · Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a method of IP address allocation and IP routing that allows for more efficient use of IP addresses. hckj byyxbw wfkzdh qzvgxdp gwna bde riqhztxp dhgu ruyje xty